Journal of Civil Protection

Detectors of ionizing radiation on the base of waveguide ring resonators with hyperlinked fluoropolymer

Igor A. Goncharenko — 2025-08-13

Purpose. Optimization of the parameters of waveguide microring resonators in order to achieve the maximal sensitivity of optical detectors of ionizing radiation.

Methods. Methods of numerical calculation of the field distribution and effective index of the mode of bent slot waveguides, algorithms of calculation on the base of the method of lines.

Findings. The structure and operation principles of optical detector of ionizing radiation are presented. The sensor element of the detector is the microring resonator based on the slot waveguide filled with hyperlinked fluoropolymer. The optimization of the slot waveguide parameters in order to achieve the maximal detector sensitivity has been carried out. It is shown that the sensitivity of the detector on the base of microring resonator from double slot waveguides with optimized parameters and resonator radius equal to 67.8 μm could be as high as 103.5 μA/kGy at measuring range equal to 85 kGy and detector resolution equal to 0.2 Gy.

Application field of research. The results of review and analysis of the information about the methods of measurement of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation can serve as a basis for creating effective optical waveguide dosimeters with high sensitivity.

A comprehensive approach to forming a dataset for forecasting emergency situations damage and optimizing forces and means

Anatoliy V. Rybakov — 2025-08-13

Purpose. To develop a unified, integrated dataset for forecasting damage from emergency situations and for subsequent analysis of the necessary forces and resources. A comprehensive approach is formulated to overcome the fragmentation of initial data on damage, anthropogenic indicators, and deployed engineering and technical measures (forces and means).

Methods. The study employed a sequential scheme for aggregating and preprocessing data from various sources, including filtering out missing values and unifying formats. To fill data gaps and increase sample representativeness, synthetic generation algorithms based on variational autoencoders, copulas, and generative adversarial networks were applied. In the final stage, a simple neural network was introduced, which uses the known damage value to supplement missing information on forces and means.

Findings. Experiments demonstrated that the CTGAN model achieved the best balance between accuracy and preservation of the original feature distribution, attaining the highest column shape scores and overall quality metrics. The application of a neural module with a ReLU activation function in the output layer prevented negative values when predicting forces and resources. The combined use of synthetic generation and neural predictions enhanced the completeness of the final dataset while maintaining statistical consistency among features. As a result, the dataset provides more detailed insights into the relationships between damage, socio-demographic characteristics of the affected area, and the scope of deployed engineering and technical measures, thus enabling further research aimed at improving the efficiency of disaster response.

Application field of research. The resulting dataset can be utilized as a training base for machine learning models focused on predicting material losses, as well as for developing decision support systems for planning and allocating resources in emergency situations. The study findings are of scientific and practical interest to risk management professionals and to developers of information systems that incorporate analytical modules for damage assessment and optimization of forces and means.

The use of mobile technologies to develop a culture of life safety in primary school children: experience of development and evaluation

Karina V. Zakalinskaya — 2025-08-13

Purpose. To develop a mobile application for teaching life safety to primary school children and to evaluate its effectiveness when implemented in the educational process.

Methods. The general methodology of the work included the use of a comparative pedagogical experiment and a sociological method of obtaining information. The application was developed using the cross-platform development environment Unity 6 and the C# programming language.

Findings. A mobile application has been developed for the formation of the culture of life safety in children of primary school age. The results of a study of the effectiveness of using the specified electronic means of learning in the educational process are presented. The opinions of children and their parents on the use of the developed application have been studied.

Application field of research. The obtained research results can be applied in the design and creation of electronic means of teaching primary school children life safety issues.

Investigation of mechanical hysteresis under cyclic loading in bolted connection of crane slewing-bolt device

Taras M. Martynenko — 2025-08-13

Purpose. Estimation of bearing capacity and areas of destruction of threads of bolt connection of the crane slewing support device.

Methods. The method of three-dimensional modeling in the Autodesk Inventor Professional environment, which allows to work with the assembly of solid bodies being in parametric dependencies between each other, was used to study the behavior of the bolt connection of the tower crane slewing device under cyclic loading.

Findings. The bolted connection of the tower crane slewing support device was investigated in ANSYS environment. The load acting on tested connection resulted in plastic deformations and then the tested connection was unloaded. The unloading occurred according to the elastic law, and the residual deformations were preserved. The most probable scenario of change in the plastic properties of the bolted connection was modeled, and the areas of critical stresses were determined. The developed finite element model allows describing the behavior of the bolted joint and determining the areas of thread destruction.

Application field of research. Prediction of strength loss in the most probable areas of overloading, and, as a consequence, displacement of bolted joint under small frequent loads.

Particularities of the elimination of accidents in underground subway structures under construction

Artem A. Morozov — 2025-08-13

Purpose. To formulate the main recomendations to the elimination of accidents in underground subway structures under construction.

Methods. Empirical research methods are used in the work (determining the dependence of the protective action time of a compressed air breathing apparatus (CABA) on ambient temperature), the method of theoretical analysis of literary sources when evaluating research in the field of accident elimination in underground subway structures under construction. The results were processed using the evaluation method and theoretical generalization of the data obtained.

Findings. Based on the conducted experimental studies, the dependences of the time of the protective action of the CABA on the ambient air temperature in underground workings have been determined. The main approaches to the elimination of accidents in underground subway structures under construction have been identified, taking into account the design features of these facilities and the need for special services to cooperate in mine rescue operations.

Application field of research. The research results can be used by the Ministry of Emergency Situations when developing recommendations for emergency rescue operations in underground subway structures under construction.

Areas of Siberia where in 1979–2024 variations in monthly Precipitation amounts are significantly associated with changes in the state of El Niño–the Southern Oscillation anticipatory of these amounts

Aleksandr V. Kholoptsev — 2025-08-13

Purpose. Interannual changes in monthly amounts of atmospheric precipitation falling in any territory during the fire-hazardous season and in the months preceding it are significant factors of fire hazard based on weather conditions. Therefore, identifying processes in the climate system of our planet that significantly influence this process in the territories of the regions of Russia located in Siberia is a pressing problem of climatology and safety in emergency situations. One of such processes may be El Niño – Southern Oscillation. The state of this process is usually characterized by a number of global climate indices, among which the most informative is Nino 3-4.

Methods. To test the hypothesis of the work, a method based on correlation analysis of the connections between the processes under consideration was used. When assessing the significance of the identified connections, the Student criterion was used.

Findings. A hypothesis has been put forward about the existence of areas in Siberia where changes in monthly precipitation amounts in certain months are significantly associated with variations in the Nino 3-4 index, which precede it in time. The obtained results show that for all months from March to October, as well as for December, the studied relationships are significant for many areas of the territory of Siberia, if the changes in the index under consideration are ahead of the variations in the monthly amounts of atmospheric precipitation falling on them by 1 and 2 months. The total area of such areas located in the south of Siberia, as well as in Kazakhstan, China and Mongolia, is maximum in December. Similar areas have been identified in the territories related to the Taiga landscape zone. The latter indicates that the influence of the El Niño – Southern Oscillation process on the dynamics of fire danger by weather conditions in such areas is significant.

Application field of research. The obtained results indicate the possibility of their practical application in modelling and forecasting of changes in fire danger under weather conditions on the territories of many regions of Siberia.

Modeling of reservoir overflow processes, erosion of an earth dam and development of an emergency situation in the downstream of a hydraulic structure

Olga V. Nemerovets — 2025-08-13

Purpose. Development and implementation of an integrated approach to modeling reservoir overflow processes, earth dam erosion, and emergency development in the downstream of a hydraulic structure.

Methods. Modeling processes using calculation methods including the water balance equation for assessing reservoir overflow, a two-stage process of earth dam erosion taking into account changes in its profile shape, and the Saint-Venant equation for modeling the breakthrough wave motion in the downstream.

Findings. An integrated approach has been developed to model the development of an emergency at a hydraulic structure as a result of reservoir overflow, water overflow over the crest, and earth structure erosion. Based on the obtained hydrograph of eroded discharges in the earth dam section, the parameters of the breakthrough wave, flood zones, and levels in the downstream of the hydraulic structure have been determined. The developed integrated approach was tested in the development of design documentation for the reconstruction of the hydroelectric complex in the city of Oshmyany, with modeling of reservoir overflow processes and determination of the flooding boundaries of the downstream territories depending on the different capacity of the spillway structure.

Application field of research. The scope of the research results covers several key areas related to ensuring the safety of hydraulic structures and forecasting possible emergency situations. In particular: design and operation of hydraulic structures, assessment of the stability of old hydraulic structures, and prevention of emergency situations. Assessment of potential damage to ecosystems and settlements located in risk zones. The results can also be used to develop regulatory legal acts, standards and recommendations on the safety of hydraulic structures and zoning of territories exposed to the threat of flooding.

Possible prospects of creating in the Republic of Belarus a unified system for protecting the population and territories from natural and man-made emergency situations, as well dangers arising during military operations

Ivan I. Palevoda — 2025-08-13

Purpose. To analyze the possibility and make proposals for creating a unified system for protecting the population and territories of the Republic of Belarus from natural and man-made emergencies and military-related hazards.

Methods. General scientific research methods include analysis and synthesis, comparison, and generalization.

Findings. Proposals have been developed to create a unified system for protecting the population and territories of the Republic of Belarus from natural and man-made emergencies, as well as from the dangers associated with military operations.

Application field of research. The results of the work can be used in practical activities when developing regulatory legal acts.

Psychological resilience: personal adaptive potential and strategies of coping behavior

Natal'ya V. Stepanova — 2025-08-13

Purpose. To systematize and generalize traditional scientific ideas about the phenomenon of «psychological stability».

Methods. Complex-combined method (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction).

Findings. A set of key characteristics of psychological stability, reflecting both personal and professional aspects, is defined. General and specific factors that determine the development of psychological stability under conditions of increased psychophysiological stress are identified. Mechanisms that contribute to the development of psychological stability as a factor that contributes to effective coping with stress are analyzed, and key aspects of personal adaptive potential are considered. It is shown that the formation of psychological stability can be considered both as a result of the development of innate properties of the nervous system and as a consequence of organized psychological training. A definition of psychological stability is formulated, reflecting its role in effective coping with stress and maintaining working capacity.

Application field of research. The results can be used in conducting applied research in the field of improving the efficiency of professional training of specialists in hazardous professions, as well as in the educational process when writing methodological materials, lectures, teaching aids, etc.

Development of research competencies among students of full-time general higher education programs

Vladimir N. Pasovets — 2025-08-13

Purpose. To define the methodological approaches and directions for developing research competencies in students of full-time general higher education programs.

Methods. Theoretical analysis.

Findings. Directions of the formation of research competencies among students of full-time general higher education programs are proposed. It is demonstrated that the implementation of these directions requires a comprehensive approach, including the integration of scientific research into the educational process, the establishment of a mentoring system, the stimulation of both students and teaching staff, and the development of academic mobility programs. These measures can significantly enhance the level of research competencies among students and prepare them for successful professional activities. It is established that an educational process incorporating elements of research activity allows students not only to deepen their knowledge in a specific field but also to develop skills in systemic thinking, analytical and critical analysis, as well as the ability to work with information and new technologies. Through participation in research activities, students not only cultivate their reasoning, justification, and argumentation skills but also enhance their ability to publicly present and defend the results of their work. Furthermore, they recognize themselves as subjects of the research process, acquiring skills in solving research-related challenges.

Application field of research. The educational process of full-time general higher education programs.

The technosphere as a source of systemic threats: an analytical review of contemporary theoretical approaches

Vsevolod N. Sergeev — 2025-08-13

Purpose. To systematize the most influential humanities-based, primarily socio-philosophical, approaches to technology, and to identify the key properties of the technosphere that are recognized by the scientific community as primary sources of threats.

Methods. Critical source analysis, typological comparison and conceptual synthesis are employed.

Findings. The object of the study is the technosphere as a historically formed socio-technical system, and the subject is the internal mechanisms of risk generation embedded in its structure and logic of functioning. The review is based on a comparative analytical understanding of four theoretical schools: philosophical critics of technology, systemic realists, reflexive modernists and network constructivists (STS/ANT). Major findings include: conceptual image of the technosphere as a heterogeneous, multi‑level and weakly controllable net of interactions among technical, social and institutional elements; risk typology that covers infrastructural vulnerability, managerial indeterminacy, manipulative social reconstruction and behavioral exploitation; demonstration that technospheric risks are not external or accidental but systemic and unavoidable, rooted in the very architecture of today’s technological world. The novelty of the research lies in the interdisciplinary integration of diverse conceptual approaches and in proposing an integral analytical frame that views risk not as a malfunction but as a normal condition of existence within the technosphere.

Application field of research. The practical significance of the review is manifested in the possibility of using the proposed typology of risks in developing management strategies, expertise and educational programs in the field of technosphere safety. The material is addressed to specialists interested in an interdisciplinary understanding of threats to technogenic civilization.

Legal regulation of first aid and first aid training in the context of model legislation in the CSTO countries

Ol'ga V. Marshalko — 2025-08-13

Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of legal regulation of the issues of first aid and first aid training in the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation as the main initiators of the formation of modal legal legislation of the CSTO countries.

Methods. Empirical method (analysis of normative legal acts), complex-combined method (analysis and synthesis). The search for publications was carried out in the international systems of scientific information search Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed. The search of normative legal acts was carried out in the information legal system of the Republic of Belarus ilex, information legal system of normative legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Әdіlet, reference legal system of the Russian Federation Consultant Plus.

Findings. It has been established that the legislation of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation contains the key principles of legal regulation of first aid and first aid training. However, the level of knowledge and practical skills in first aid among the population remains low. One possible solution is mandatory first aid training for the population, using a developmental approach to instill skills and confidence in their actions, as well as legislating the frequency of first aid training for different categories of the population. First aid training should be supported by official standards and guidelines. Fear of legal prosecution for inadvertently causing harm to a victim while providing first aid is one of the main barriers among the population. Legislative regulation of the issues of exemption from legal liability of persons obliged to provide first aid in case of unintentional infliction of harm may become a motivating factor for increasing public involvement in the process of first aid.

Application field of research. The results of the study can be applied in the normative activity, as well as in the educational process in the writing of methodological materials, lectures, teaching aids, etc.