Journal of Civil Protection

Mathematical model for determining the angular irradition coefficient for calculating the heat flux density coming from a plane-shaped emitter

Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. Develop a universal mathematical model for evaluating the angular irradition coefficient, taking into account the spatial arrangement of the emitting and receiving surfaces, where the former is represented by an arbitrary polygon.

Methods. The model development was based on existing theoretical approaches in the field of radiative heat transfer, the geometry of possible mutual surface arrangements, and the results of experimental studies. Numerical methods were also employed to verify the adequacy of the analytical expressions.

Findings. Universal analytical expressions have been derived for determining the angular irradition coefficient for an emitting surface of an arbitrary polygonal shape, positioned at an arbitrary angle to the receiving surface. The developed expressions account for the individual geometric characteristics of objects and the mutual arrangement of the emitting and receiving surfaces, enhancing the accuracy of thermal impact calculations on adjacent buildings and structures.

Application field of research. Determination of fire safety spacing between buildings with gable roofs made of combustible materials, considering their spatial arrangement and geometric structural features. The model can be used for the design and fire safety assessment of buildings and structures in densely built urban and rural areas.

Criteria for selecting typical representatives of reinforced concrete products for certification fire resistance tests

Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To establish criteria for selecting typical representatives of reinforced concrete products for testing to determine the fire resistance during conformity assessment procedures for technical requirements.

Methods. Generalization of approaches to the extention of the results of fire resistance tests of building structures and theoretical methods for assessing fire resistance of building structures. Analysis of the influence of quantitative and qualitative indicators of reinforced concrete products on their theoretical fire re-sistance, as well as the results of fire tests, including the extention of fire test results.

Findings. An algorithm has been developed and criteria for selecting typical representatives of reinforced concrete products for fire resistance certification tests have been defined, based on a comprehensive analysis of simplified methods and existing tabular data on fire resistance assessment. Their application makes it possible to ensure fire safety of buildings by selecting a reinforced concrete product for fire resistance certification tests, the structural and design features of which indicate that it potentially has the lowest fire resistance of all products in the series.

Application field of research. The obtained results can be used in the design of reinforced concrete structures, as well as in the design of buildings and structures. Certification bodies can use the obtained results within the framework of assessment (confirmation) of conformity of a series of reinforced concrete products to technical requirements when selecting typical representatives of reinforced concrete products for testing. The results obtained in the present work are included in the «Regulations on the selection of typical representatives of reinforced concrete products for testing to determine strength, stiffness, crack resistance, fire resistance during conformity assessment procedures».

Methodology for assessing the impact of building facade design on fire propagation through exterior envelopes to overlying floors

Sergey S. Botyan, Denis S. Nekhan', Ivan I. Palevoda, Eduard E. Shatilo — Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. On the basis of theoretical and experimental studies to develop a test methodology for assessing the impact of structural solutions of building facades on the spread of fire through the exterior envelope to the overlying floors.

Methods. Review, analysis and comparison of the results of experimental and theoretical studies conducted in the field of fire propagation through the exterior envelope of buildings and structures.

Findings. A review of scientific and regulatory literature on the design of facade structural solutions that affect the spread of fire to the overlying floors, as well as the features of methods for assessing their fire resistance and fire hazard has been carried out. Classification indicators of structural solutions affecting the fire spread on the facades of buildings were determined. On the basis of the obtained data the methodology of testing to assess the impact of structural solutions of building facades on the spread of fire through the exterior envelope structures on the overlying floors is developed. The general provisions, purpose and objectives of the test methodology are formulated. The parameters of the building test fragments are determined. Estimated fire scenarios (time of fire impact, location of the hearth, type and quantity of fire load, ignition source) are determined. The parameters influencing the fire dynamics were evaluated and the parameters to be recorded during the tests were determined, as well as the criteria for reaching the limit state of fire resistance of facade structural solutions.

Application field of research. Development and improvement of building code requirements. Design and construction of multi-storey and high-rise buildings.

Approaches to calculating the expansion, dispersion and stability of low expansion air-mechanical foams

Andrey N. Kamlyuk — Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To theoretically evaluate the influence of the main factors affecting the expansion rate, dispersion and stability of air-mechanical foam produced in fire extinguishing devices.

Methods. Theoretical and empirical methods of analysis were used in the research.

Findings. As a result of the analysis of theoretical and experimental data on foam research, the main factors affecting the numerical values of their expansion rate, dispersion and stability were identified. It was found that the expansion rate, dispersion and stability of such foams significantly depend on the generation method, geometric characteristics of the devices, the rate of the supplied foaming agent solution and its physical and mechanical properties.

Application field of research. The results of the analysis can be used in the development of foam-generating devices, as well as to determine the optimal modes of their operation.

Investigation of the structure and properties of structural steels of destroyed oil drilling equipment parts

Irina V. Fomikhina, Viktor A. Biryuk, Lyudmila V. Markova — Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. Determination of the causes of destruction of oil drilling equipment parts made of structural steels under the influence of operational loads.

Methods. The research was carried out on certified equipment from the Testing Center of Powder Metallurgy Institute named after of O.V. Roman accredited by the State Standard of RB (accreditation certificate ВУ/112 1.0263). The studied samples were provided by the State Production Association «Belorusneft».

Findings. The studies of the elemental composition, fracture morphology, structure, mechanical properties, and hardness of oil drilling equipment parts destroyed under the influence of operational loads have been carried out. The causes of the destruction of the casing coupling, stud, lock support ring and pump rod of drilling rigs operated at the largest fields of «Belorusneft» have been established.

Application field of research. The research results can be used in industrial safety subjects operating potentially dangerous facilities working under operating loads of varying intensity and loading types in order to increase the industrial safety level.

Changes in the microstructure of metallic elements of multi-core cable products when exposed to flame

Igor Y. Aushev, Irina V. Fomikhina, Evgeniy V. Verenich, Maksim E. Ryzhov — Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To determine the microhardness and changes in the microstructure of metal elements of multi-core cable products with aluminum and copper cores when exposed to flame.

Methods. Metallography, durometry, as well as general scientific research methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization.

Findings. The microstructure, dimensions and microhardness of grains of copper and aluminum metal elements of cable products after exposure to flame were determined.

Application field of research. The research results can be used in training specialists in the field of emergency prevention and response, as well as in conducting fire-technical expertise during the investigation of fire causes.

Methodological basis of the integration of project management into emergency risk management

Romina M. Kretsu, Anatoliy V. Rybakov — Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. This research is aimed at the development of methodological foundations for the integration of project management into the management of risks of man-made emergencies at production facilities in order to ensure sustainable development of the production enterprise.

Methods. The study compares the traditional approach of management based on regulatory legal acts (RLA) and project management methods. Significant advantages of the project approach were identified, including flexibility and the ability to adapt measures to changing conditions. Project management methodologies were used to ensure systematic development, implementation and monitoring of protective measures. Particular attention was paid to the life cycle of protective measures, covering the stages of design, implementation, operation, updating and disposal.

Findings. The article presents the developed approach to the integration of project management into emergency risk management, including an algorithm of the life cycle of protective measures, classification of measures by the level of performance and residual risk, as well as the application of entropy analysis for quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of measures. The paper presents a classification of protective measure projects based on expected performance, risk level and residual risk realisation probability. This approach systematises project management and improves the planning of emergency prevention measures. The integration of project management into the systems of civil defence and emergency management at the facility level has shown several advantages including adaptability, consideration of long-term results and use of modern methods of risk analysis. The results obtained confirm that the project approach improves the effectiveness of risk management and the resilience of systems to man-made threats.

Application field of research. The developed methods can be applied in the fuel and energy complex (FEC) enterprises for risk management and enhancing the resilience of FEC facilities, as well as in industrial enterprises for preventing technogenic risks. Governmental bodies can use them for the development of regulatory acts, while educational institutions can utilize them for training specialists in safety and project management.

Ensuring explosion safety of grain storage and processing facilities on the example of the Municipal Unitary Enterprise «Goretsky elevator»

Igor Y. Aushev, Aleksandr S. Ivanistov — Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To conduct an explosion safety analysis of the grain storage and processing, to determine accidents and incidents typical for this facility.

Methods. General scientific research methods: analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization.

Findings. The main causes of explosions at grain storage and processing facilities were determined.

Application field of research. The results of the work can be used in the training of specialists in the field of emergency prevention and response, industrial safety, in the course of fire prevention activities.

Computer programme to support the decision of the head of the fire emergency rescue service to carry out emergency rescue and other urgent works

Vitaliy A. Khrokolov — Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Khrokolov V.A. Purpose. Development of an algorithm of actions for the head of the fire emergency rescue service when making a decision to carry out emergency rescue and other urgent work on the territory of the city (district) using a computer program to support decision-making.

Methods. General scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization), practical experiment.

Findings. The sequence of actions of the head and officials of the fire emergency rescue service management body for developing a decision to carry out emergency rescue and other urgent work using a computer program to support decision-making is described.

Application field of research. The results of the work can be used in the practical activities of heads and officials of the management bodies of the fire emergency rescue service, in the educational process in the training of specialists in the field of prevention and elimination of emergency situations, in scientific research related to the study of aspects of the preparation of civil defense forces for emergency rescue and other urgent work.

To the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Belarusian Volunteer Firefighting Society

Aleksandr N. Kudryashov, Svyatoslav S. Galalyuk — Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300