Synthesis and investigation the flame-retardant properties of new metallophosphate burning retardants for textile materials used in protective clothing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33408/2519-237X.2021.5-4.402Keywords:
combustion retardants, textile materials, polyester and oxodiazole fabrics, ammonium metal phosphates, flame retardant propertiesAbstract
Purpose. To develop the compounds and synthesis conditions for compositions, based on ammonium phosphates of multivalent metals with high flame-retardant efficiency in relation to polyester and oxodiazole textile materials.
Methods. To obtain ammonium metallophosphates, a sol-gel method of synthesis from solutions was used, which allows to obtain the products with high degree of dispersion and to regulate the structure of the resulting salts. The phase and chemical composition of the obtained products was determined using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on an Epsilon 1 PANalytical device. Determination of the fire protection level the fabrics, impregnated with flame retardant, was carried out according to STB 11.03.02-2011.
Findings. Conditions of production the synthetic flame retardants, based on phosphates of two- and three-valent metals-ammonium with regulated properties, depending on the synthesis conditions have been developed. Stability tests of new liquid combustion retardants and their flame-retardant efficiency (as well as its resistance to washing) in relation to polyester, mixed and oxodiazole fabrics have been carried out. The factors determining their flame-retardant effectiveness in relation to textile materials of various nature used for protective clothing were identified. It was found that the highest flame-retardant efficiency in relation to polyester and oxodiazole bases was shown by compositions simultaneously containing magnesium and calcium, neutralized by a mixture of solutions of ammonia, potassium hydroxide and sodium carbonate in a ratio of 1 : 1 : 1; consisting of NH4H2PO4, MgHPO4·3H2O and CaHPO4·2H2O with an amorphous phase. It has been proved that only variants of bonding of optimal chemical and phase composition ensure the fixation of phosphorus and nitrogen, the main burning protection agents, in the textile matrix.
Application field of research. Production of effective non-toxic inorganic fire retardants and fire-resistant textile materials from synthetic fibers that are modified by these retardants.
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