Obtaining optimal parameters of high-speed electrochemical deposition of nickel coatings for parts of fire rescue equipment by the method of mathematical planning of the experiment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33408/2519-237X.2024.8-3.289Keywords:
protective nickel coatings, high-speed silicofluoride electrolytes, nickel hexafluorosilicate complexes, full factor experimentAbstract
Purpose. Development of a mathematical model of a multifactor process of hydrometallurgical synthesis of protective nickel coatings for fire rescue equipment parts from high-speed silicofluoride electrolytes to determine the optimal technological modes of operation when varying a number of factors (concentration of nickel silicofluoride in solution, cathodic current density, solution temperature).
Methods. The randomization method, standard techniques for determining electrochemical characteristics (thickness of deposited nickel coatings, current yield of the cathodic reaction), the «Desirability Profiles» module of the STATISTICA software package, as well as the method of full factorial experiment to obtain a regression model were applied in this work.
Findings. A full factorial experiment using a new high-speed silicofluoride electrolyte for nickel plating at three levels of factors affecting the deposition rate of nickel coatings was carried out: molar concentration of nickel silicofluoride (NiSiF6) in solution c = 1; 1.25; 1.5 mol/dm3, temperature of electrolyte solution t = 40; 50; 60 °C, cathodic current density i = 8; 10; 12 A/dm2. As a result of the analysis of experimental data, a regression model for predicting the deposition rate of nickel coatings in the studied ranges of changing of the varying factors was developed. Optimal values of the varied factors are: molar concentration of NiSiF6 in solution c = 1.2 mol/dm3; temperature of electrolyte solution t = 53 °C; cathodic current density i = 11.6 A/dm2. Under these conditions, the highest value of the dependent variable (deposition rate of nickel coating), which is 240.7 μm/h, is achieved.
Application field of research. The developed regression model makes it possible to determine the optimal range for each of the main parameters of the system, in particular, the concentration of nickel silicon fluoride in solution, cathode current density, and electrolyte temperature, which makes it possible to outline ways to minimize side processes (formation of nickel oxo- and hydroxo compounds and hydrogen release at the cathode) to obtain protective nickel coatings with specified properties.
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