Particularities of the occurrence of large fires at oil and gas facilities and methods of reducing emergency CO2 emissions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33408/2519-237X.2024.8-3.325Keywords:
hazardous production facility, large fires, fire safety, dangerous factors of fire, carbon dioxide, carbon footprint, photosynthesisAbstract
Purpose. Research of theoretical and practical issues concerning the increased emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as a result of large fires at economic facilities related to the handling of hydrocarbon fuels, as well as the development and testing of methods to reduce it.
Methods. The facts of large fires at the infrastructure of hazardous production facilities related to the handling of organic fuels, which became sources of significant atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide, one of the most powerful greenhouse gases in terms of negative impact, were analyzed. The analysis of accidents that occurred in 2014-2023 in the Russian Federation at the facilities of pipeline transportation of organic fuels and tanks with oil and petroleum products was carried out. An innovative methodology for reducing the carbon footprint from large fires was proposed and presented with positive results of application experiments.
Findings. It has been established that the majority of accidents at the research facilities are associated with the occurrence of fires, as well as explosions of fuel-air mixtures accompanied by ignitions of combustibles. It is shown that many different causes, from those of technical nature to militarized terrorist attacks on oil and gas complex facilities, «break» the technological chains of fuel movement from production to consumption, causing accidental burning of gas, oil and oil products. It is proposed to consider the negative impact from emergency fires of organic fuels in terms of formation of a significant contribution to the emission of carbon dioxide as a dangerous factor of indirect delayed action fire. Application of the developed methodology leads to an increase in the total photosynthetic potential of plants and, accordingly, their absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Application field of research. Investigation of the processes of accidents, fires and explosions, development of ways to reduce hazardous effects on the environment, development of methodological foundations and regulations aimed at ensuring fire safety of defense objects.
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