Determination of building materials’s smoke generating characteristics and calculating the visibility in a fire
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33408/2519-237X.2021.5-1.5Keywords:
modeling, visibility, smoke-generating ability, smoke yield, attenuation coefficient of optical radiation, radiation wavelength, fraction of burnt material massAbstract
Purpose. For various types of materials, to study the dependence of the value of the smoke production coefficient, determined according to a standardized method, on the fraction of burnt material and the wavelength of optical radiation passing through smoke-filled environment during their combustion; based on the data obtained to develop corrected methods for determining the values of the smoke production coefficient and smoke yield.
Methods. The values of the attenuation coefficient and the fraction of burnt material in determining its smoke production coefficient were determined experimentally. The change of the time of visibility loss at a fire was determined by a calculation method.
Findings. The values of the attenuation coefficient of optical radiation passing through a smoke-filled environment during the combustion of 10 types of materials were experimentally obtained and the values of the smoke production coefficient were determined, taking into account the fraction of the mass of the burnt material and the radiation wavelength. An experimental dependence of the change in the attenuation index of optical radiation in the wavelength range (400–1100) nm during the combustion of 10 types of materials has been established. The values of smoke yield of 10 types of materials have been determined experimentally. It is shown that without taking into account the fraction of the mass of the burnt material and the wavelength of the probing radiation, the value of the smoke production coefficient decreases by 2,6 times, which leads to an increase in the calculated value of estimated time of onset of visibility loss at a fire up to 30 %. The method for determining the smoke yield during materials combustion has been corrected.
Application field of research. The results can be applied in modeling fires and fire risk assessment.
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