Influence of the formulation of metal phosphate fire-retardant systems and modifying additives on the resistance of fire-retardant finishing of polyester fabrics to hydrolysis treatment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33408/2519-237X.2024.8-4.423Keywords:
metal phosphate fire retardant systems, modifying additives, polyester woven material, fire retardant finishing, hydrolysis treatmentAbstract
Purpose. Development of a formulation of metal phosphate flame retardant systems in the form of stable colloid-containing solutions, as well as a study of the effect of modifying additives on the resistance of fire-retardant finishing of polyester fabrics to hydrolysis treatment (washing).
Methods. Sol-gel method for synthesis of metal phosphate flame retardant systems, laboratory and standard methods of fire-retardant finishing, hydrolysis treatment and fire testing of polyester woven samples, transmission electron microscopy, complex thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry – DSC, thermogravimetry – TG).
Findings. The sol-gel method was used to obtain fire retardant systems (FRS) based on metal phosphate acidic concentrated solutions (binders). The synthesis conditions have been determined: the nature and ratios of the main components of Me-phosphate binders (Me – Ca, Sn, Al, Zn or Ba), the concentration of neutralizing agents (NaHCO3 or NH3·H2O) and modifiers (polyacrylamide, colloidal solution of SnCl2, hexamethylenetetramine, NH4Cl, urea), and the acidity of the medium, which make it possible to obtain FRS in the form of aggregation-stable solutions. It has been shown that the achievement of a fire-protective effect resistant to hydrolysis treatment is due to the strong fixation of fire retardants based on the Ca-phosphate binder in the presence of selected modifying additives – dispersing and/or mediating (PAA and/or aqueous colloidal solution of SnCl2) on the fabric. The presence of nanodispersed (10–20 nm) calcium and tin compounds in their solutions promote to better fixation of effective modified FRS. The resistance of the fire-retardant finish to hydrolysis treatment is confirmed by DSC and TG data: for fabric fire-protected with a modified composition (both after hydrolysis treatment and without it), the total heat emission is reduced (up to 1.5 times) with a simultaneous reduction in the total loss of mass of the samples compared to the original polyester material.
Application field of research. The experimental data can be used to impart a hydrolysis-resistant fire-retardant finish to low-density polyester woven materials. The results obtained make it possible to determine the ways of regulating the efficiency of known and new phosphate fire-retardant systems being developed for washing-resistant fire-retardant finishing of polyester fabrics.
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