Модели поведения лесных массивов при воздействии на них ветровых нагрузок
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33408/2519-237X.2017.1-3.323Ключевые слова:
ветровая нагрузка, выворот деревьев, повреждение ствола, критическая скорость ветра, опасное напряжение, изгибающий моментАннотация
Проведен обзор двух механико-эмпирических моделей HWIND и GALES, используемых в настоящее время для определения ветровой нагрузки на деревья и скорости ветра, при которой произойдет выворот деревьев или повреждение стволов. В модели GALES вычисляется аэродинамическая шероховатость и смещение нулевой плоскости лесных насаждений. Обе величины позволяют подсчитать действующий на дерево изгибающий момент для любой скорости ветра и предсказать скорость ветра, при которой произойдет выворот дерева или повреждение его ствола. В модели HWIND момент, возникающий от ветровой нагрузки на крону дерева, вычисляется из предположения, что профиль скорости ветра имеет логарифмический характер. Прочность на изгиб ствола дерева и момент сопротивления корневой системы опрокидыванию дерева находятся на основании эксперимента, что позволяет рассчитать скорость ветра необходимую для выворота дерева и разрушения ствола. Проведено сравнение двух моделей и указано направление их усовершенствования.
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